Анатолий Петрович Старков
Ричард Ричардович Диксон
Борис Семенович Островский

Английский язык

Учебник для 7 (8) класса

Книга для чтения

*** 1987 ***

DjVu

От нас: 500 радиоспектаклей (и учебники)
на SD‑карте 64(128)GB — ГДЕ?..

Baшa помощь проекту:
занести копеечку — КУДА?..

(в скобках современная нумерация классов с 1989 года) Учебник оцифровал Василий Дёмин. _____________________       ФPAГMEHT (...)       Rip Van Winkle       (After W. Irving)       Part I       Rip Van Winkle was a farmer. He lived in a village near high mountains, not far from the river Hudson. He was a very kind man. The children in the village loved him. He often took part in their games and made them toys.       He was always ready to help other people in their work, but he did not like to work on his farm, and his wife was often angry with him. Rip never answered her, but went out with his rifle and his dog into the mountains.       One fine autumn day Rip Van Winkle went into the mountains. He walked very high up and then lay down under a tree in the forest to rest. He slept for some time. Then he heard his name: “Rip Van Winkle, Rip Van Winkle!” He opened his eyes and looked around, but could see nobody. He thought that it was a mistake, but again he heard: “Rip Van Winkle, Rip Van Winkle!” At the same time his dog began to growl.       Rip looked again and this time he saw a little old man with a barrel on his back. The old man called to Rip to come and help him, the barrel was full of wine. Rip agreed to help him, and they went up higher into the mountains. Then they stopped, and Rip saw before him some old men playing ball. When they saw Rip, they stopped playing and looked at him for a long time. Rip did not like that. The old man now opened his barrel and gave some wine to each of the men. They drank it and began to play again. Rip sat down near the barrel of wine. ‘Til drink some wine when they are not looking,” he said to himself. Then he drank some wine, and he liked it very much. Soon Rip wanted to sleep, so he lay down on the grass and shut his eyes.       When Rip Van Winkle opened his eyes, he saw that he was under       a tree in the forest high up in the mountains. It was a bright sunny morning. “Have I slept here all night?” thought Rip. “How angry my wife will be when I come home.” He remembered everything very well. The old man with the barrel of wine, the men playing ball, and the wine in the barrel, which he liked so much.       He looked for the nice clean rifle that he had with him, but all that he saw was a very old rifle near him. He called his dog, but it did not come. Then he stood up ready to go home, but he could not walk well. “Sleeping in the mountains is not good for me,” he said to himself, and began to go down very slowly.       was often angry ['aeggri] — часто cep- to growl [graul] — рычать       дилась barrel ['baeral] — бочонок       rifle ['raifl] — ружье to call — позвать       lay down — лег (to lie — лежать) wine — вино       around [a'raund] — вокруг to agree [э'дгг] — соглашаться       Part II       When Rip came to the village, he met many people, but he did not know anybody. And the people whom he met did not know him either.       Then he saw that their clothes were different, not like his.       He touched his face and found that he had a long grey beard. He met many children; they looked at him and laughed. There were many new houses in the village, but he did not see the houses which he knew very well. New names were over the doors, new faces at the windows.       At last Rip saw his house. The house looked old, its windows were shut. “Where is my wife?” thought Rip. A very thin dog lay near the door. Rip called him, but the dog began to growl. “My dog has forgotten me,” said Rip. He went into the house and called for his wife and children, but nobody answered him. There was nobody in the house.       Rip in his old clothes, with his grey beard and his old rifle then went back to the village. The people looked at him with great interest. They came up to him and asked him questions. “Who are you?” they asked. “What do you want in our village? Who do you want to see?”       Rip thought a little and then asked: “Where’s Nicholas Vedder?” Nobody answered him. Then an old man said: “Nicholas Vedder! Oh, he died eighteen years ago.”       “Where’s Tom Smith?”       “Oh, he went to the war and did not come back.”       Rip was very sad when he heard this. He could understand nothing. The war? What war?       Then a young woman with a child in her arms came up to him. When the child saw the old man, it began to cry. “Don’t cry, Rip,” said the mother, “the old man won’t touch you.”       When Rip Van Winkle heard the name of the child, he looked at the face of the young woman. He tried to remember who she was. He asked her: “What is your name, my good woman?”       “Judith Gardiner.”       “And your father’s name?”       “Ah, poor man, Rip Van Winkle was his name, but twenty years ago he went away into the mountains with his rifle and his dog and nobody saw him after that. I was then a little girl.”       “And where is your mother?” asked Rip.       “She died a short time ago.”       Then Rip put his arms round his daughter and her child.       “I am your father!” cried he, “young Rip Van Winkle in those days, old Rip Van Winkle now. Doesn’t anybody know Rip Van Winkle?”       The people around did not answer him. Then an old woman came up to Rip, looked into his face and said: “Yes, this is Rip Van Winkle. Where have you been these twenty years, old friend?”       Rip soon told his story and then his daughter took him home to live with her and her family.       beard [biadj — борода sad — грустный, печальный       to laugh [lcuf] — смеяться to cry [krai] — плакать, кричать             I. Найдите в первой части текста и прочитайте предложения, подтверждающие следующее:       1. Rip Van Winkle was kind.       2. Rip slept in the mountains for many years.       II. Выберите из второй части текста предложения, в которых говорится о том, что многое изменилось в деревне за время отсутствия Puna.       III. Закончите предложения .словами, соответствующими содержанию текста:       1. Rip Van Winkle lived in a village not far from ... . (the river Hudson, the river Volga)       2. Rip liked to play ... . (with the children in the village,       with his dog)       3. One fine autumn day he went ... . (to the river, into the mountains, to the town)       4. In the mountains he met ... . (a girl with a cow, a boy with a dog, a little old man with a barrel)       5. When Rip opened his eyes, he saw .... (nobody near him, the old man with the barrel, his dog sitting near him)       6. When Rip came to his village, he saw ... . (many people whom he did not know, his wife and his children, his old friends)       7. Rip went into his house and saw ... . (nobody there, his dog waiting for him, his wife and children)       8. Rip’s daughter ... . (didn’t want to see him, sent him to live in his old house, took him to live with her family)             Прочитайте текст об американском писателе Джеке Лондоне и один из его рассказов. При чтении обратите внимание на произнесение следующих собственных имен:       Jack London Г^заек 'Undonl, San Francisco [fran'siskou], Washington I'wojigton], Alaska te'laeska], Martin Eden ['matin 'i:dnl, Thornton ['0o:ntanl, Mathewson ['mae0ju:snl, O’Brien [ou'braianl.       Jack London (1876 — 1916)       Jack London, the famous American writer, was born in San Francisco. The family was poor and Jack began to work when he was nine years old. He got up at three in the morning and carried newspapers to people’s houses. After that the boy went to school. When school was over, he carried the evening newspapers round the town. On Saturdays and Sundays he worked at a hotel. The boy liked to read and spent all his free time with books.       Jack London left school at thirteen. After that he worked for ten and more hours every day, but he soon lost his work. Many people in San Francisco had no work at that time, so they decided to march to Washington and ask for work and bread. Jack London marched to Washington too. He did not get any work there, but was arrested with other workers.       At that time London met a man who spoke to him about socialism and about Karl Marx. When London came back to San Francisco, he began to read books on socialism. In 1895 he joined the Socialist Labour Party. For a year London was a student at a university. But he soon left it. He had no more money and could not pay to the university. He found work at a factory and in the evening wrote poems and stories. But nobody wanted to publish his stories.       Gold was found in Alaska at that time, so London went there. He lived in Alaska for a year, but did not find any gold. He met heroes for his stories there — strong men. Back in San Francisco, Jack London worked in different places and at night wrote his stories about the North. In 1898 some of them were published and people liked them very much. In 1902 Jack London visited the capital of England and wrote a novel about the poor people of London. After the Russian       Revolution of 1905, London published more novels about working people. In the years 1905 to 1909 Jack London wrote his best stories and novels. One of the novels was “Martin Eden”, in which the writer described his life. Here is one of his short stories.       to arrest [s'rest] — арестовывать gold [gould] — золото       Socialist Labour ['leibo] Party — сопи a- to describe [dis'kraib] — описывать листическая рабочая партия       For the Love of a Man Parti       A party of three men waited for spring, when the river was free of ice. Then they could make a boat and go down the river to look for gold. Thornton was the leader of the party, Hans and Pete helped him. There were three dogs in the party — Buck, Skeet and Nig. They were great friends — the men and the dogs. Buck was friendly with the other two dogs and with Hans and Pete, but he loved only Thornton. Thornton not only gave the dogs food and water, but he talked to the dogs as if they were men. Thornton was kind to the three dogs, but he loved only Buck. He often took the dog’s head between his hands and put his head on Buck’s head. Buck liked to lick Thornton’s hands.       When spring came and the river was free of ice, the men finished the boat. The next morning they began their journey. It was difficult to go down the river as it ran very fast. In some places Hans and Pete and the dogs got out of the boat and on to the bank.       Thornton stayed in the boat, and Pete and Hans tied a rope to it. Then they walked along the bank and pulled the boat. At one Such place Thornton fell out of the boat into the river. Buck saw it ar.d jumped quickly into the water.       The dog tried to swim to Thornton, but the river ran so fast that the dog could not get to him. Thornton got on a large stone and stood there. He cried to Buck to swim back to the bank. The dog did not want to leave his friend, but Thornton repeated the command, and Buck swam back to the bank. Then Hans and Pete tied a long rope to Buck and sent him into the river. In a few minutes the water carried him to Thornton. Thornton put his arms round Buck, Hans and Pete pulled the rope and they swam to the bank. The water beat them against the stones, and ran into their noses and ears.       When Hans and Pete pulled the man and the dog on to the bank, Thornton’s eyes were shut, his face was white. When he opened his eyes, he could not speak, but his eyes asked: “Where is Buck?”       Buck was ill for some days. The party stayed there for a month.       friendly 1'frendli] — дружеский, дру- to tie — привязывать, завязывать       желюбный rope — веревка       as if — как будто to pull — тянуть       to lick — лизать fell — упал (to fall — падать)       bank — берег (реки) round [raund] — вокруг             Part II       One day Thornton, Hans and Pete had dinner at a cafe. They talked to other men about dogs. Every man said he had the best dog. Thornton said so too. One man said: “I have a dog which can pull a sledge with two hundred and fifty kilograms on it.”       A second man said: “My dog can pull a sledge with three hundred kilograms.” A third man said that three hundred and fifty kilograms was not too much for his dog.       Thornton said: “Buck can pull a sledge with five hundred kilograms.”       Mathewson, one of the men in the cafe, asked: “Can he pull it a hundred metres?”       “Yes, and pull it a hundred metres,” answered Thornton.       “Well,” said Mathewson, “I have a thousand dollars here, and I shall give it to you if the dog does it. Will you give me a thousand dollars if the dog does not do it?”       Thornton did not answer. He had no money. He looked at the men in the cafe and saw an old friend, O’Brien by name.       “Have you a thousand?” he asked O’Brien. “Yes, I have, you can have it,” said O’Brien.       “I have a sledge with twenty bags on it. Each bag is twenty-five kilograms,” said Mathewson.       The men came out of the cafe and stood around the sledge. Thornton tied Buck to the sledge, came to the dog and looked into his black eyes. He thought the dog understood him.       “As you love me, Buck,” he said to the dog, “Now, go!” Buck pulled, but the sledge did not move. Buck pulled again and again, but the sledge did not move. And then Buck pulled first to the left and then to the right. The sledge moved slowly, slowly, and then faster and faster. The men watched the sledge without a word.       When the sledge passed the one hundred metres they began to cry “Good dog” and took off their hats. Mathewson said to Thornton: “Sell me that dog. I’ll give you a thousand dollars for him!” But Thornton did not listen to him. He w'ent up to Buck, took the dog’s head between his hands and put his head on the dog’s head. And Buck licked Thornton’s hands.       sledge [sleds] — сани to move [mu:v] — двигаться             I. Ответьте no тексту “Jack London” на следующие вопросы:       1. In what country and when did Jack London live?       2. When did he begin to work?       3. When did Jack London join the Socialist Labour Pariy?       4. In what novel did Jack London write about his life?       II. Найдите в первой части рассказа и прочитайте предложения, подтверждающие следующее:       1. The men and the dogs were great friends.       2. It was difficult to go down the river.       3. Buck loved Thornton.       III. Прочитайте следующие предложения из второй части рассказа про себя, а затем вслух в нужном порядке:       Thornton said: “Buck can pull a sledge with five hundred kilograms.”       And then Buck pulled first to the left and then to the right. Each man said he had the best dog.       Mathewson said to Thornton: “Sell me that dog. I’ll give you a thousand dollars for him!”       Buck pulled, but the sledge did not move.       The sledge moved slowly, slowly, and then faster and faster.       Task 4       + Прочитайте рассказ американского писателя Марка Твена о маль-чике-«шпионе». При чтении обратите внимание на произнесение следующих собственных имен:       Mark Twain [twein], Robert Wicklow Probat 'wiklou], Louisiana [lu,i:zi'aena], Rayburn Preiba:n].       The Story of a Boy-“Spy”       (After Mark Twain)       Part I       (This was the time of the war between the North and the South in the United States of America (1861 — 1865). The commander of one of the Northern forts tells the story.)       It was the winter of 1862 — 1863. At that time men from many different places wanted to join the army of the North, but we did not take all of them; we were afraid of spies from the South.       One day, when I was in my office, a boy of fourteen or fifteen came in and asked:       “Do you take men for soldiers here?”       “Yes.”       “Will you please take me, sir?”       “Oh no, you are too young, my boy, and too small.”       He turned to go, then said: “I have no home and not a friend in the world. If you could only take me...”       I told him to sit down, then I said: “You will have dinner with me and you will tell me your story.”       At dinner he told me his name was Robert Wicklow. He came of a poor family in Louisiana. His father helped the North and for this he was arrested. Robert’s mother was very ill at the time and she soon died. The boy decided to be a soldier in the army of the North. Again he asked me to take him as a soldier.       I thought for some time and then I said yes. So Robert began to live in the fort with some young soldiers. I otfen met him during the day.       One morning Captain Rayburn came in and said:       “I don’t understand what that new boy is doing here. He writes all the time. When he is free, he walks round the fort and from time to time he takes out a pencil and some paper and writes something.”       I did not like that. The boy was from the South. Was he a spy? I told the Captain to get me some of the boy’s writings and to watch him day and night.       The next day Captain Rayburn brought me some pieces of paper. “Where did you get them?” I asked.       “They were on the table in his room,” he said.       I took the papers and read:       Dear Friend,       I made a mistake about the number of soldiers last time. There are more. Some soldiers will...       Here the writing stopped. I looked at Captain Rayburn. He looked at me. Then I told him to put the letter back where he got it, to watch Robert and get more of his writings. We knew that the boy never went to the post-office. He could not leave the fort. Then how did he send his writings to the ‘Dear Friend’?       Next day Captain Rayburn brought me the end of the first letter.       . . . stay here and help. The four men think so. They are new here and they are afraid. I have some information and I shall send it to you soon.       I gave orders to put the letter back where it lay and to watch Robert. We wanted to know who were the other four men.       spy [spai] — шпион       commander [ka'mcunda] — командир       Northern ['пэ:бэп] — северный       fort [fo*t] — форт       were afraid [o'freid] — боялись       soldier I'soulcfeo] — солдат captain I'kaeptin] — капитан information [^nfa'meijn] — информация, сведения order ['o:da] — приказ       Part II       Three days passed without any news. Then Captain Rayburn told me that Robert wanted to go to the railway station. I said he could go, but two of our good men must go to the station after the boy.       “And you must be there too,” I said.       Robert went to the platform. When the train from New York came, he stood looking at the faces of the people as they got off the train. Soon an old man came out of the train onto the platform. Robert ran up to him, gave him a letter and ran back.       Then the boy left the platform and began to walk back to the fort. Captain Rayburn ran up to the old man and took the letter out of his hand. Then the captain told one of the soldiers to go after the old man and see where he lived.       When the Captain came back to the fort, he found a third letter in Robert’s room. We read it.       Found last night in the same place orders from the Teacher. Have left new information there.       We could not understand how Robert left his information, when our men watched him all the time. I decided that some of the soldiers helped him.       Then I opened the letter that Captain Rayburn took from the old man on the platform. In it I found two clean pieces of paper. I held the paper near the fire. But I did not see any words on the paper.       I gave orders to put under arrest every soldier who was on duty that day and the old man to whom Robert gave the letter on the platform. After that I decided to speak to the boy.